Toba Tek Singh

Toba Tek Singh is a canal colony town in the Chenab Colony, named for a toba, a pond, and for Tek Singh, a Sikh who is said to have kept water and shelter there for travellers before the canals came.

Manto's story Toba Tek Singh, published in 1955, is set in a Lahore asylum where the inmates are to be exchanged between the two countries by religion. Bishan Singh, from Toba Tek Singh, cannot find out whether his village is in India or Pakistan, refuses to be in either, and dies on the strip of ground between the wires.

It is the most exact thing anyone has written about the division of Punjab and it is about four pages long.

The town is a working agricultural centre of Pakistani Punjab.

A place named for a Sikh who gave travellers water is the title of the definitive story about Punjab's partition, written in Urdu by a man born near Samrala in Ludhiana district.

Manto was born near Samrala in Ludhiana district in 1912, grew up at Amritsar, wrote for Bombay films, and went to Lahore in 1948 and drank himself to death there by 1955. He was tried for obscenity six times, three times in India and three in Pakistan, and was acquitted every time.

He wrote it in 1954. It belongs with Khol Do, Thanda Gosht and the Siyah Hashiye sketches, which are a page or half a page each and are the most concentrated writing anybody did about what happened.

The town is a district headquarters now, cotton and wheat and a mandi, and the district was made around it in 1982. It is known across the world for four pages that almost nobody living in it has read.

What we don't know

  • Whether the Tek Singh of the town's name is a documented person.

Where to check this

  1. Punjab colonisation records. Imran Ali, The Punjab Under Imperialism 1885-1947 ↗

Named but not linked. These are real, findable documents. This project has not consulted them for this page.

  • Saadat Hasan Manto, Toba Tek Singh.

This page has not yet been read through by the editor. Treat it with more caution than the rest.

How this page was written. The text is compiled from the standard published histories and reference works, not from a document held in hand. Nobody from this project has visited the place or read the archive. The list above is where a reader can go to check it, not a record of what was consulted line by line. Dates and figures are the received account. If you hold something better, write in and it will be corrected.

This is one of 69 accounts in The Crossing, the chapter of this site covering 1947 and what it did.