Pinjore and the Mughal gardens

The Yadavindra Gardens at Pinjore, in the Shivalik foothills near Kalka, are a seventeenth-century Mughal terraced garden attributed to Fidai Khan, Aurangzeb's foster brother, and later held and restored by the Patiala state.

It is a charbagh on seven descending terraces with water running through all of them, in a landscape where the fall of the ground does the work that pumps do elsewhere.

The Shalimar Gardens at Lahore, built 1641, are the great example of the type and are in Pakistan. Pinjore is the one that stayed on this side, and it went to Haryana in 1966.

The Punjab hill route from Kalka to Shimla passes it, and it was a stage on that road.

Punjab's Mughal garden tradition, like most of its Mughal architecture, is almost entirely on the other side of the line, and this is the exception that makes the loss legible.

The terraces carry a set of pavilions: the Sheesh Mahal with its mirror work, the Hawa Mahal behind it and the Rang Mahal below, each sited so that the water passes through or under it.

It works because of the fall of the ground. Water enters at the top terrace and runs the length of the garden by gravity through channels and chutes, with no pumping anywhere in it.

It is one of the few substantial Mughal gardens left in the eastern Punjab country, and the reorganisation of 1966 placed it in Haryana.

What we don't know

  • The original planting scheme, which is not recorded.

Where to check this

Named but not linked. These are real, findable documents. This project has not consulted them for this page.

  • Archaeological and horticultural documentation on the Pinjore gardens.

This page has not yet been read through by the editor. Treat it with more caution than the rest.

How this page was written. The text is compiled from the standard published histories and reference works, not from a document held in hand. Nobody from this project has visited the place or read the archive. The list above is where a reader can go to check it, not a record of what was consulted line by line. Dates and figures are the received account. If you hold something better, write in and it will be corrected.

This is one of 65 accounts in Before the Gurus, the chapter of this site covering the region before 1469, from the Indus cities to the Lodhis.