Lahore was an imperial capital under Akbar from 1584 to 1598, and Mughal Punjab was one of the empire's richest provinces, on the road to Kabul, with Multan and Sirhind as the other great administrative centres.
The building is what survives. Lahore Fort, with the Sheesh Mahal and the Picture Wall. The Badshahi Mosque of 1673. The Shalimar Gardens of 1641. Wazir Khan's mosque of 1634, which is the finest tiled building in the subcontinent. Jahangir's tomb at Shahdara. The tomb of Anarkali. The Shahi Hammam.
Nur Jahan, Jahangir's empress, is buried at Lahore. Her serais are across Punjab.
The Mughal administration ran on the mansabdari system and on measured land revenue. Punjab's revenue records under it are the base on which the Sikh state and then the British built.
Under Aurangzeb the relationship with the Sikh community broke completely: the execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji in 1675, the wars with Guru Gobind Singh Ji, and the executions at Sirhind in 1704. The province was in open revolt within five years of Aurangzeb's death.
Punjab's Mughal architecture is almost entirely in Pakistan. What is in Indian Punjab is Sirhind's ruins, the serais and a handful of tombs.
The Ain-i-Akbari gives the Lahore suba's revenue, its parganas, its castes and its produce, and it is the first document that treats Punjab as one administrative object with numbers attached to it. Multan was a separate suba. The boundaries in it are not the boundaries of any later Punjab.
The Grand Trunk Road as a maintained highway, with a serai at each day's march, wells, shade trees and kos minars, belongs to this period, laid on Sher Shah Suri's line and kept up afterward. Doraha, Dakhni Serai, Nurmahal and Sarai Amanat Khan are among the serais that still stand on the Indian side, and Nur Jahan built Nurmahal.
The relationship with the Sikh tradition ran from patronage under Akbar to execution under Jahangir and Aurangzeb, and it changed with each reign rather than following any settled policy.