Nishanwalia misl

The Nishanwalia were the standard bearers of the Dal Khalsa. Their sardars carried the nishan, the banner, at the head of the army, and the misl took its name and its standing from that office rather than from a place.

Its founders were Dasaundha Singh and Sangat Singh, and its territory lay in the Cis-Sutlej country around Ambala, Shahabad and Singhwala.

Being east of the Sutlej, what survived of it came under British protection in 1809 rather than into the Lahore state, and its holdings were reduced to jagirs.

A misl defined by a ceremonial function is a reminder that the Dal Khalsa was an army with offices before it was a set of territories.

The number twelve is itself a convention. The lists come from nineteenth century writers and the compilers who followed them, and the bands they name were not equal, not fixed in membership and not stable in name. A rider could change misl. The neat table of twelve with founders and territories attached was drawn up afterward for the convenience of people writing history.

Dasaundha Singh held Ambala and Shahabad and died about 1767. What his successors kept passed under British protection with the rest of the Cis-Sutlej tract, and the jagirs were resumed a few villages at a time as lines failed to produce heirs the Company was willing to recognise.

Nothing marks the misl on the ground now. Shahabad and Amloh are ordinary towns and no building in either is identified with the Nishanwalia sardars. What survives is the entry in the standard lists of the twelve misls, repeated from one book to the next, with the same two founding names and the same three or four sentences.

What we don't know

  • Whether the banner office was hereditary or assigned.
  • The extent of the Nishanwalia holding at its height, and the names of its sardars after the first generation, are not established in any source we can reach.

Where to check this

  1. Hari Ram Gupta on the misls. Hari Ram Gupta, History of the Sikhs (Internet Archive) ↗

Named but not linked. These are real, findable documents. This project has not consulted them for this page.

  • Cis-Sutlej states records.

This page has not yet been read through by the editor. Treat it with more caution than the rest.

How this page was written. The text is compiled from the standard published histories and reference works, not from a document held in hand. Nobody from this project has visited the place or read the archive. The list above is where a reader can go to check it, not a record of what was consulted line by line. Dates and figures are the received account. If you hold something better, write in and it will be corrected.

This is one of 67 accounts in The Khalsa Raj, the chapter of this site covering the eighteenth century, from Banda Singh Bahadur Ji to the misls.