The potter's year

The kumhar made the ghara for water, the chatti for curd, the tawa for cooking, the diva for Diwali, the tind for the Persian wheel and the ghara used in the funeral rite. Every one of those had a name and a shape that did not vary.

The clay came from the village pond, which is why the pond and the potter existed in the same relation as the field and the well.

Water kept in an unglazed clay pot cools by evaporation through the wall. That is the entire technology of drinking water in a Punjab summer before refrigeration, and it works.

Steel, plastic and the fridge ended it. The tind went with the Persian wheel, the diva went to candles and electric lights, and the ghara survives mainly as a percussion instrument in bhangra.

There are still potters in Punjab villages. Most make flower pots and diyas seasonally and have another income.

The potter made the household's water pots, the cooking vessels, the surahi, the chatti for setting curd and the diyas for Diwali, and was paid in grain at harvest.

The clay came from the village pond, which is why the pond and the potter were connected. Digging the clay deepened the pond and the pond gave the clay.

Steel, plastic and the refrigerator ended the trade in one generation. What is left is the diya at Diwali, the clay horse at a few melas, and the tandoor.

What we don't know

  • How many working village potters remain in Punjab.

Where to check this

  1. Punjab district gazetteer material on village crafts. Punjab district gazetteers and settlement reports (Internet Archive) ↗

Named but not linked. These are real, findable documents. This project has not consulted them for this page.

  • Ethnographic accounts of north Indian pottery.

This page has not yet been read through by the editor. Treat it with more caution than the rest.

How this page was written. The text is compiled from the standard published histories and reference works, not from a document held in hand. Nobody from this project has visited the place or read the archive. The list above is where a reader can go to check it, not a record of what was consulted line by line. Dates and figures are the received account. If you hold something better, write in and it will be corrected.

This is one of 29 accounts in What the Hands Made, the chapter of this site covering the crafts, the buildings and the objects.