Sardar Baldev Singh

Baldev Singh was born at Dumna in Ambala district in 1902, ran the family steel business, and entered Punjab politics in the 1930s.

He was the Sikh representative in the negotiations of 1946 and 1947, was a member of the interim government, and became independent India's first Defence Minister.

He held that office through the partition of the army, the movement of units and stores between two dominions in a matter of weeks, and the 1947 to 1948 war in Kashmir.

The division of the Indian Army in 1947, splitting regiments, equipment, records and men by religion under a fixed deadline while the country burned, is one of the least examined administrative operations of the period, and it was coordinated by Field Marshal Auchinleck's Supreme Commander's Headquarters under the Joint Defence Council, with Baldev Singh as India's Defence Minister.

He signed the Sikh acceptance of the Constituent Assembly's arrangements, a decision argued about in Punjab ever since.

He died in 1961. A road in Delhi carries his name and there is no biography of him.

He was Development Minister in the Khizar Hyat Tiwana coalition in Punjab before he went to Delhi, which is how a steel manufacturer from Ambala district came to be the man the Panthic board sent to sit with the Cabinet Mission.

The Sikh position in those negotiations was that the community should not be divided. The boundary drawn divided it precisely, leaving the Guru period sites and half the Majha on the other side.

He was out of the Cabinet by 1952 and lost his seat afterward. Of the men who signed for the three communities in 1947 he is the one about whom the least has been written, and the arguments about what he agreed to are conducted without anybody having gone through his papers.

What we don't know

  • Nothing central; the assessment of his role in 1947 is contested.

Where to check this

Named but not linked. These are real, findable documents. This project has not consulted them for this page.

  • Records of the Partition Council and the division of the armed forces, 1947.
  • Parliamentary records.

This page has not yet been read through by the editor. Treat it with more caution than the rest.

How this page was written. The text is compiled from the standard published histories and reference works, not from a document held in hand. Nobody from this project has visited the place or read the archive. The list above is where a reader can go to check it, not a record of what was consulted line by line. Dates and figures are the received account. If you hold something better, write in and it will be corrected.

This is one of 69 accounts in The Crossing, the chapter of this site covering 1947 and what it did.