The women who wrote

Punjabi literature has had women writing in it for a century and the list is short relative to the number of men, for the ordinary reasons.

Amrita Pritam is the best known. Dalip Kaur Tiwana wrote over thirty novels and held a university chair. Ajeet Cour wrote the frankest Punjabi autobiography anyone has written. Manjit Tiwana and Prabhjot Kaur wrote poetry. Krishna Sobti wrote about Punjab in Hindi.

Before them, the women's literature of Punjab was oral and anonymous: the boliyan, the suhag, the ghorian, the alahuniyan, the trinjan songs and the chakki songs, which together are a much larger body of composition than everything written by named Punjabi men.

It was collected by men, cleaned up, and attributed to nobody.

The single largest gap in Punjabi literature is not a missing author. It is that the biggest body of composition in the language has no names attached to it and was never written down as its makers made it.

That is fixable by anyone with a phone and a grandmother, and it is running out of time.

Peero Preman, who left a life in a Lahore brothel for a dera at Chathianwala in the nineteenth century and left about a hundred and sixty kafis, is the earliest named woman writing in the language. Her verse was kept by the dera she went to and has been in print only since the 1990s.

The Punjabi women's magazines of the early twentieth century published a great deal of writing by women that has never been collected or reprinted.

The diaspora has produced a further generation writing in English and Punjabi, and almost none of it is read in Punjab.

What we don't know

  • The oral repertoire, which is largely uncollected and unattributed.

Where to check this

  1. Punjabi folk song collections, with the caveat stated. Panjab Digital Library - manuscripts, newspapers, rare books ↗

Named but not linked. These are real, findable documents. This project has not consulted them for this page.

  • The published works of the writers named.

This page has not yet been read through by the editor. Treat it with more caution than the rest.

How this page was written. The text is compiled from the standard published histories and reference works, not from a document held in hand. Nobody from this project has visited the place or read the archive. The list above is where a reader can go to check it, not a record of what was consulted line by line. Dates and figures are the received account. If you hold something better, write in and it will be corrected.

This is one of 62 accounts in What the Voice Carried, the chapter of this site covering the poetry, the music and the oral tradition.