Indian Punjab: about fifty thousand square kilometres, around thirty million people, twenty-three districts, about twelve and a half thousand villages by the census count, about thirty-seven per cent urban, Sikhs around fifty-eight per cent and Hindus around thirty-nine, and the highest Scheduled Caste population share of any Indian state at about a third. The village register on this site holds 10,088 entries, which does not match the census figure because it counts settlements of every kind, hamlets and neighbourhoods included, rather than revenue villages.
Pakistani Punjab is the larger half by every measure. Its area is roughly four times the Indian state's, and its population, upward of a hundred and twenty five million, exceeds that of every European country except Russia. It has thirty six districts and it is overwhelmingly Muslim, with Christian and other minorities together under two per cent.
Punjabi speakers worldwide: somewhere between 125 and 150 million, making it around the tenth most spoken language in the world, depending on how Saraiki and Hindko are counted.
Indian Punjab produces a very large share of India's wheat and rice procurement from about one and a half per cent of its area.
Its water table is falling across most of the state and the majority of its assessment blocks are classed as over-exploited.
Figures on this page are approximate and are current to the middle of the 2020s. Anyone using them for anything should check the source.
Every figure on this page has a different vintage. The population numbers are projected from a census now well over a decade old, the water figures come from assessment rounds that change method, and the language numbers depend on decisions about what counts as Punjabi.
The two Punjabs do not publish comparable statistics. Their census questions, their district boundaries and their crop reporting are all different, so a table setting them side by side is doing arithmetic on things that were not measured the same way.
Nobody maintains a combined dataset for the region. Anybody who wants one assembles it themselves out of two national systems that were built not to be compared.