Punjab's road signs are trilingual by rule: Punjabi in Gurmukhi first, then Hindi, then English. Enforcement is uneven and the order is frequently reversed.
The Punjab Official Language Act and its amendments require Punjabi on signboards and in government work, and periodic drives have painted over English-only signs.
The transliteration of Punjabi place names into English on those signs is inconsistent: the same village appears as three spellings on three signs, and the census, the revenue record and the road sign disagree.
That inconsistency is a practical obstacle to everything on this site: searching for a place in an archive requires guessing which spelling a clerk used.
A standard transliteration exists and is not applied.
Anyone building a database of Punjab places has to solve this first, and every project that has tried has solved it separately and differently.
The same village appears as Chak, Chack and Chuck in different records. District names have official spellings that the signboards do not follow, and Nawanshahr, Nawashahr and Nawan Shehar all appear on state signage.
The problem compounds when a Gurmukhi name is transliterated into English by one office and back into Gurmukhi by another, because the round trip does not return the original.
The census, the revenue record and the postal department each keep their own name lists and the three do not reconcile. Anyone matching a village across two of them does it by hand.