The Punjabi in the Hindi film

Hindi cinema's default Indian family became Punjabi at some point in the 1990s and has stayed that way.

The wedding sequence, the mustard field, the sangeet, the loud extended family, the turbaned uncle and the bhangra number are a set of conventions assembled largely by Punjabi filmmakers in Bombay and exported to an audience across India and abroad as the image of Indianness.

The reason is straightforward: a large part of the industry's founding and current families are Punjabi and the diaspora audience the industry earns most from is heavily Punjabi.

The Sikh character in Hindi cinema has generally been comic relief or a soldier, occasionally both.

The effect inside Punjab is odd. Punjabis watch a version of themselves designed for people who are not Punjabi, and the wedding conventions of Hindi cinema have fed back into how actual Punjabi weddings are conducted.

The mustard field is the clearest example. It is a crop Punjab has largely stopped growing, and it is the standard visual shorthand for Punjab in Indian film.

The Punjabi in Hindi film began as the comic relief and the loud uncle, and became by the 1990s the default family the audience is shown: the fields, the wedding, the diaspora and the sarson.

That version of Punjab is largely a Bombay invention, made for a national and an overseas market, and it has fed back into how Punjabis present themselves.

What is missing from it is everything on this site: the debt, the water, the caste structure, the emigration that is not glamorous, and most of the region's actual history.

What we don't know

  • Nothing central; this page is an argument and is stated as one.

Where to check this

Named but not linked. These are real, findable documents. This project has not consulted them for this page.

  • Punjab agriculture department acreage data on mustard.

This page has not yet been read through by the editor. Treat it with more caution than the rest.

How this page was written. The text is compiled from the standard published histories and reference works, not from a document held in hand. Nobody from this project has visited the place or read the archive. The list above is where a reader can go to check it, not a record of what was consulted line by line. Dates and figures are the received account. If you hold something better, write in and it will be corrected.

This is one of 62 accounts in What the Voice Carried, the chapter of this site covering the poetry, the music and the oral tradition.