The Lakhi Jungle

The Lakhi Jungle was a belt of scrub forest and jand in the dry Malwa around what is now Bathinda and Faridkot. Its name is generally taken to mean a hundred thousand trees.

Through the middle decades of the eighteenth century, when a price was on every Sikh head and the Khalsa could not hold a town, this was where it went. The jathas lived in the jungle and in the Rajasthan desert edge, came out to raid and to collect rakhi, and went back.

Guru Nanak Dev Ji is recorded in tradition as having passed through, and Gurdwara Gurusar Lakhi Jungle near Bathinda marks it. Guru Gobind Singh Ji came through the same country on the way to Khidrana in 1705.

The forest is gone. It was cleared for cultivation as canal water reached the Malwa from the 1880s onward, and what is there now is cotton and paddy.

The single most important physical fact about the survival of the Khalsa in the eighteenth century was a forest, and it no longer exists.

There is no map showing its extent.

Jand, the tree the belt was named for, survives on almost no water and lives for centuries. A few of the old ones stand in field boundaries and are left there because nobody will cut them.

Rakhi, the protection payment, was collected out of this country. A jatha that could disappear into cover after collecting could hold a tract it had no means to garrison, which is how the misls first took territory.

The forest is gone. It was cleared for cultivation when the canals reached the tract, and what is left is a name, a gurdwara and a few surviving jand trees in field boundaries.

What we don't know

  • The extent of the Lakhi Jungle, which was never mapped before it was cleared.

Where to check this

  1. Rattan Singh Bhangu, Prachin Panth Prakash. Rattan Singh Bhangu, Prachin Panth Prakash (Internet Archive) ↗
  2. Punjab district gazetteer material for Ferozepur and Bathinda. Punjab district gazetteers and settlement reports (Internet Archive) ↗

This page has not yet been read through by the editor. Treat it with more caution than the rest.

How this page was written. The text is compiled from the standard published histories and reference works, not from a document held in hand. Nobody from this project has visited the place or read the archive. The list above is where a reader can go to check it, not a record of what was consulted line by line. Dates and figures are the received account. If you hold something better, write in and it will be corrected.

This is one of 67 accounts in The Khalsa Raj, the chapter of this site covering the eighteenth century, from Banda Singh Bahadur Ji to the misls.