Sri Ganganagar in northern Rajasthan was created by the Gang Canal, opened in 1927, which took Sutlej water into what had been desert under an agreement between Bikaner state and Punjab.
The land was settled largely by Punjabi cultivators, and the district is Punjabi-speaking, Sikh in a large part, and agriculturally identical to the Malwa across the border.
It is effectively a Punjab canal colony in Rajasthan, laid out on the same principles as the Chenab Colony forty years earlier and settled from the same districts.
The Indira Gandhi canal extended the same process further south from the 1960s.
Ganganagar's gurdwaras, its mandis, its dialect and its cropping pattern are Punjab's. Its administration is Rajasthan's.
The state boundary drawn in 1947 and 1956 does not describe where Punjabis farm, and Ganganagar is the clearest case.
Maharaja Ganga Singh of Bikaner pushed the canal through against Punjab's objections and paid for it out of his state's revenue and by borrowing against it. It is named for him and it is the reason a Rajput princely state ended up holding the best irrigated tract in Rajasthan.
The settlement brought Sikh and Punjabi Hindu cultivators from the central Punjab districts onto measured murabbas on the same allotment system used in the Punjab canal colonies. The village names in the district are numbered chaks.
The Ghaggar reaches the same district and dies in it. Sri Ganganagar sits where a canal brings a river in and a river arrives with nothing left, and both of those are Punjab's water reaching Rajasthan by different routes.