The first girls' school

The Sikh Kanya Mahavidyalaya at Ferozepur, founded in 1892, was the first institution in Punjab established by Sikhs specifically to educate girls, and it was founded against substantial opposition from within the community.

Bhai Takht Singh travelled across India and to Sikh communities abroad raising money for it, and is said to have gone barefoot as a vow until the school was properly funded.

The school taught Punjabi, Gurmukhi and religious instruction alongside a general curriculum, at a time when the alternative for a Sikh girl was no schooling at all.

Female literacy in Punjab in 1901 was under one per cent. It is now above seventy.

Almost every account of the Singh Sabha lists Khalsa College at Amritsar as its educational achievement. The girls' school at Ferozepur, founded the same decade, is a footnote in most of them.

Bhai Takht Singh and his wife Bibi Harnam Kaur ran the school together and she taught in it until her death in 1906. The institution was as much hers as his.

The opposition was not from the government but from Sikh families who would not send daughters to a residential school. The fundraising tours were as much about arguing that case as about raising money.

The Kanya Mahavidyalaya still runs at Ferozepur. Its early registers, if they survive, would show where its first students came from and what became of them.

What we don't know

  • The school's enrolment figures in its first decades.
  • The school's nineteenth century records have not been catalogued or published.

Where to check this

  1. Census of India literacy data for Punjab, 1901 onward. Census of India 2011 - Punjab district census handbooks ↗

Named but not linked. These are real, findable documents. This project has not consulted them for this page.

  • Sikh Kanya Mahavidyalaya institutional history.

This page has not yet been read through by the editor. Treat it with more caution than the rest.

How this page was written. The text is compiled from the standard published histories and reference works, not from a document held in hand. Nobody from this project has visited the place or read the archive. The list above is where a reader can go to check it, not a record of what was consulted line by line. Dates and figures are the received account. If you hold something better, write in and it will be corrected.

This is one of 122 accounts in Under the Company, the chapter of this site covering British Punjab, from annexation to the canal colonies.