The 1990s

Elections were held in Punjab in February 1992 with the Akali Dal boycotting and turnout below a quarter. Beant Singh became Chief Minister.

The counter-insurgency was brought to a conclusion during his term, under a police leadership given extensive latitude. The violence ended. What was done to end it has been documented by human rights bodies as including large numbers of disappearances and unacknowledged killings, and has never been examined in any comprehensive public process.

On 31 August 1995 Beant Singh was killed by a suicide bomber outside the Punjab Civil Secretariat at Chandigarh, along with sixteen others.

Elections in 1997 returned the Akali Dal and the Bharatiya Janata Party with a large majority and the state returned to normal politics.

Punjab has been at peace since. The accounting for how that was achieved has not happened, and the families of the disappeared are still filing cases.

This page states the sequence and the documented findings and does not resolve the argument, because no process has.

He was chief minister from 1992, elected in a poll that most parties boycotted and in which turnout was very low, and he was killed by a bomb outside the secretariat in Chandigarh in August 1995.

The period of his government is when the militancy was ended, by police methods that produced the disappearances case and the human rights proceedings that followed.

Both facts belong to the same decade and both are stated here. What that decade cost, and who it was taken from, is the argument Punjab has not finished having.

What we don't know

  • The number of disappearances and unacknowledged deaths. No agreed figure exists.

Where to check this

  1. Election Commission of India results. Election Commission of India - results and statistical reports ↗

Named but not linked. These are real, findable documents. This project has not consulted them for this page.

  • National Human Rights Commission proceedings in the Punjab cremations case.

This page has not yet been read through by the editor. Treat it with more caution than the rest.

How this page was written. The text is compiled from the standard published histories and reference works, not from a document held in hand. Nobody from this project has visited the place or read the archive. The list above is where a reader can go to check it, not a record of what was consulted line by line. Dates and figures are the received account. If you hold something better, write in and it will be corrected.

This is one of 220 accounts in When the Water Went, the chapter of this site covering Punjab since 1947: land, water, debt and everything after.